What are the common components on the PCB? Professional chip test

Date：2022-03-03 14:15:00Views：1216

Electronic components have different packaging types. The shapes of different types of components are the same, but the internal structure and uses are very different. Complex electronic circuits are also composed of these electronic components. For component identification, it can be distinguished by the printing model. For components without characters, it can also analyze the circuit principle or measure the component parameters with a multimeter. So, what are the common components on PCB board? In order to help you have an in-depth understanding, the following contents are sorted out by Chuangxin testing network for your reference.

1、 Resistor (resistance for short)

Resistance is one of the most commonly used electronic components on PCB board. It is represented by the letter R and the unit is Ohm Ω, which indicates the resistance of conductor to current. It plays the role of shunt, current limiting, voltage dividing and bias in the circuit.

2、 Capacitor

Capacitance is represented by the letter C. It is used to store charge and electric energy in the circuit. Its main feature is to connect AC and isolate DC. The obstruction of capacitance to AC is called capacitive reactance, which belongs to one kind of reactance (the other is called inductive reactance). The magnitude of capacitive reactance is related to the frequency of AC and its own capacity. In the circuit, the capacitor mainly plays the role of coupling, filtering, resonance, bypass, compensation, frequency division and so on.

3、 Crystal diode

The crystal diode is represented by the letter D, which belongs to a kind of semiconductor device. It has nonlinear volt ampere characteristics and its main function is unidirectional conductivity. Its core part is a PN junction, which is widely used in various electronic circuits.

There are many kinds of crystal diodes. According to their materials, they are: silicon tube and germanium tube; According to its lighting function, it is divided into: rectification, light emission, detection, voltage stabilization, switch, freewheeling, rotation, Schottky diode and silicon power diode; According to its structural points, it can be divided into contact type and plane type. The former can pass through small current and the latter can pass through large current.

4、 Inductor

The inductor is represented by the letter L. its structure is similar to that of a transformer. It is a device that converts electric energy into magnetic energy and stores it. Its main functions in the circuit are: filtering, oscillation, delay, notch, filtering signal, filtering noise, stabilizing current and suppressing electromagnetic wave interference.

Inductors are also known as choke, reactor, dynamic reactor, etc. according to their induction methods, they are divided into self induction and mutual inductance. Inductors have the characteristics of direct and AC resistance, that is, the characteristics of preventing AC from passing and allowing DC to pass smoothly, which is just the opposite of capacitors.

5、 Crystal triode

Triode, fully known as semiconductor triode, is a semiconductor device that controls current. It is a core component in electronic circuit. It is also called bipolar transistor and crystal triode. It has the function of current amplification. Its essence is that triode can control the large change of collector current with the small change of base current. The magnification is indicated by a symbol“ β” express.

Triode is to make two PN junctions close to each other on a semiconductor substrate. The two PN junctions divide the whole semiconductor into three parts. The middle part is the base area, and the two sides are the emission area and collector area. The arrangement modes are PNP and NPN.

6、 Field effect transistor

Field effect transistor, abbreviated as FET, abbreviated as FET. There are mainly JFET (junction type) and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOS-FET). FET, also known as unipolar transistor, is a voltage controlled semiconductor device. It is used for amplification. Because the input impedance of FET amplifier is very high, the coupling capacitance can be small, and electrolytic capacitor is not necessary.

FET has high input impedance and is very suitable for impedance transformation. It is often used for impedance transformation in the input stage of multistage amplifier. It can be used as variable resistance, constant current source, electronic switch and so on.

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