Identification methods for common components and usage of measuring instruments

components and partsIdentification and measurement are crucial skills in electronic engineering and maintenance. Here are some common methods for identifying components and using measuring instruments:

Identification of common components

Resistor（Resistor）：

Appearance: Typically cylindrical or rectangular, with colored rings or numerical markings on the surface.

Color ring identification: The resistance value and tolerance are determined by the color of the color ring.

Digital identification: Some resistors have numbers printed on the surface, directly indicating the resistance value.

Capacitor（Capacitor）：

Appearance: available in cylindrical, square, flat, etc., with capacitance values printed on the surface (e.gmFThenFThepF）.

Electrolytic capacitor: usually cylindrical, marked with polarity (positive and negative).

Ceramic capacitors: usually small disc-shaped or rectangular, without polarity markings.

Inductor（Inductor）：

Appearance: Usually coil shaped, sometimes enclosed in cylindrical or rectangular shells.

Identification: The surface may be printed with inductance values (such asmHThemH）.

Diode（Diode）：

Appearance: Usually cylindrical or flat, with a marking ring at one end indicating the negative electrode (cathode).

Types: such as ordinary diodes, light-emitting diodes（LED）Zener diodes, etc.

Transistor（Transistor）：

Appearance: Typically a three pin semiconductor device, sometimes packaged asTO-92TheTO-220Wait.

Identification: The model identification is on the packaging, and the pin function needs to be determined by referring to the data manual (such asBTheCTheE）.

Integrated Circuit（IC）：

Appearance: Typically a multi pin packaged chip, withDIPTheSOPTheQFPWaiting for packaging form.

Identification: The surface is printed with the model and batch number, please refer to the data manual.

Use of measuring instruments

Multimeter（Multimeter）：

Measure resistance: Select the resistance range, touch the probes on both ends of the resistance, and read the displayed resistance value.

Measure voltage: Select the DC or AC voltage range, touch the probes to both ends of the voltage source, and read the displayed voltage value.

Measure current: Select the current range and measure the current flowing through the circuit in series.

Measuring diodes: Select the diode mode, and touch the probes at both ends of the diode. When forward, the conduction voltage is displayed, and when reverse, infinity is displayed.

Oscilloscope（Oscilloscope）：

Measure waveform: Connect the probe to the signal source, adjust the time base and voltage level, and observe the waveform on the screen.

Measurement frequency: Determine the frequency through the measurement function of the oscilloscope or by calculating the waveform period.

Measurement amplitude: Read the peak to peak value or effective value of the waveform by adjusting the vertical gear.

Signal generator（Signal Generator）：

Set waveform: Select the desired waveform type (such as sine wave, square wave, triangular wave).

Set frequency and amplitude: Adjust the frequency and amplitude knobs to output the desired signal.

Connect output: Connect the output terminal to the tested circuit or device.

Electric bridge（Bridge）：

Measure resistance, capacitance, and inductance: By adjusting the balance state of the bridge, read the value of the measured component.

Precision measurement: suitable for high-precision component measurement, especially for use in laboratory environments.

Spectrum analyzer（Spectrum Analyzer）：

Measure spectrum: Connect the signal source, set the frequency range and resolution bandwidth, and observe the spectrum diagram.

Measure signal strength: Read the power or level of the signal through a spectrogram.

summary

Identifying components and correctly using measuring instruments are fundamental skills for electronic engineers and maintenance personnel. Mastering these skills proficiently can effectively carry out circuit design, debugging, and troubleshooting.