What are the quality assurance measures for electronic components?

Date：2022-12-15 13:54:29Views：676

Electronic components are an indispensable part of aerospace products and one of the important technical bases for improving their performance and reliability. The development of aerospace industry tells us that the performance, quality and reliability of electronic components are one of the key factors for the success of aerospace products. This paper collects and sorts out some materials, hoping to be of great reference value to all readers.

The quality assurance of components is an important part of the quality assurance of aerospace products, including the quality assurance of production process and the quality assurance of non production process (or the quality assurance of application fields). The quality assurance process of components includes: selection, procurement, supervision, factory acceptance, arrival inspection, supplementary screening, special test, distribution, storage and transmission, assembly, commissioning, on-site use of the whole machine, failure analysis, quality feedback, etc.

1. Component Assurance Program

After the completion of the demonstration phase of the aerospace product scheme, a component assurance outline shall be prepared as the basis for organizing, implementing, supervising and inspecting the component assurance work in the product development phase. The component assurance program has different contents and requirements in each development stage. Therefore, the component assurance program needs to be revised in each development stage. First of all, the main contents of the component assurance program should be implemented, and the preparation unit and the method of checking the implementation should be specified.

2. Reasonable selection of components

The reliability of aerospace components is based on the design analysis and reasonable selection of components according to their use characteristics in the circuit. It is necessary to define the basic criteria for designers to select components in the system, such as derating, tolerance design, quality grade and inheritance of quality grade. Special consideration shall be given to the special environmental adaptability of components used in aerospace products, such as thermal design scheme, selection of electrostatic sensitivity of electrostatic sensitive components, and selection of radiation intensity assurance (RHA) level of semiconductor devices.

When selecting components according to the selection criteria of components, the designer system should select the components in the catalog for the model products. If the manufacturers and products outside the catalog are selected, the designer system must fill in the application form for selecting electronic components outside the catalog according to the provisions of aerospace products, sign it completely, and report it to the overall unit. The components can only be selected after being reviewed, approved and returned by the overall unit.

3. Standardize procurement and inventory management

According to the requirements of the space system, the procurement of components must follow the principle of "following the specified channels, catching up with the stage plan, and focusing on quality assurance", and the relevant factories (institutes) shall prepare the procurement documents of components, which shall be specially reviewed by the overall organization of the model. Then, the general manager of the model shall organize relevant factories (institutes) to sign order contracts according to the reviewed purchase documents.

The principle of "ensuring quality, controlling progress, saving funds and concentrating as much as possible" shall be implemented in the procurement of components and parts, and the simple purchase and sale of components and parts shall be changed into active participation in the quality management of components and parts. The composition of procurement documents, review requirements of procurement list and main contents of procurement standards or specifications shall be specified.

The inventory management of components is directly related to the use quality of components. Therefore, it is necessary to define the storage conditions of components and the management requirements of the warehouse, establish the distribution system of components and put forward the management requirements for failed components.

4. Supervision, test and acceptance of components

According to the requirements of the Regulations of China Aerospace Industry Corporation on Quality Management of Elements and Components for Aerospace Models, the quality management of elements and components must fully implement the principle of "unified organization, focus on the source, strict management, and act according to rules". The quality management of elements and components shall be subject to the three-level management of the head office, the model general institute (base), and the factory (institute), with the model general institute (base) as the main principle.

The overall model institute (base) must uniformly monitor the quality of all components and parts used in the supporting subsystems. The Electronic Component Reliability Center of Aerospace Science and Technology Group Corporation shall be responsible for the specific management of electronic components and parts, ensuring the access, inspection and use of electronic components and parts.

Its main responsibilities include: supervising and accepting the production of electronic components in the factory, inspecting the arrival of goods, supplementary screening, issuing the installation certificate, failure analysis, etc; Collect and process the reliability data of electronic components, and feed back the quality information of electronic components to users in a timely manner; The quality control of electronic components shall be implemented in accordance with other provisions of the aerospace industry.

The production, test and acceptance of components is an important link to ensure the quality of components, and also a key control point for the reliability of aerospace components. The inherent quality of components is determined by the quality of their process control. Electronic components are divided by function, including electronic components, discrete components and microcircuits; According to procurement channels, there are imported and domestic components; According to product maturity, there are shelf products and new devices.

Different components have different control requirements, and different treatment methods and procedures should be adopted during the factory supervision, acceptance and arrival inspection. Therefore, the components shall be classified, the supervision mode, special test requirements and acceptance methods of various components shall be specified, and the corresponding procedures and implementation units or departments shall be specified.

5. Supplementary screening (secondary screening) management

For qualified components, supplementary screening (secondary screening) must be carried out according to the actual product quality control requirements, and the supplementary screening requirements, entrusted units, entrusted procedures and handling methods of components after supplementary screening must be clarified according to different stages of different products.

6. Destructive physical analysis

The main purpose of component DPA (destructive physical analysis) is to prevent the installation and use of components with obvious or potential defects. In addition to the quality identification of components, in aerospace products, it is also used for the acceptance of components, quality review of components before installation, overdue re inspection of components and failure analysis of components.

In general products, DPA is usually used for quality verification of installed components. For aerospace products, DPA must be completed before the installation of components. Therefore, it is necessary to specify the timing of DPA with components for aerospace products, DPA test items, DPA implementation agencies, DPA data recording requirements and DPA results processing methods.

7. Installation control of components

The quality control of components in the assembly process is also an important part of component reliability control. Clear control requirements must be put forward for operation and inspection, especially for failed components during assembly and commissioning, the handling procedures, handling methods and responsible departments must be specified in detail to ensure the quality control of components during assembly and commissioning.

8. Failure analysis method of components

The main task of component failure analysis is to conduct necessary electrical, physical and chemical tests on the failed components, and analyze the specific conditions before and after component failure and relevant technical documents to determine the failure mode, failure mechanism and causes of the components.

Through failure analysis, the inherent quality problems of failed components can be found, and it is also possible to find the use quality problems of components that fail because they are not used according to the specified conditions. Through feedback to the relevant parties, the responsible party is urged to take corrective measures to improve the inherent quality or use quality of components.

Relatively speaking, the determination of failure mode is relatively simple, while the determination of failure mechanism is difficult. Analysts must master the design, process and related physical and chemical knowledge of components and have some practical experience. In addition, more complex instruments and equipment are required.

After the failure mechanism is clarified, the failure reason must be found to avoid repeated failure and improve the inherent quality or use quality of components. However, it is very difficult to determine the cause of failure according to the failure mechanism, which often involves specific situations such as the failure site and the responsible person. Therefore, the first step is to determine the unit for failure analysis, specify the procedure for submitting failure analysis and failure information, as well as the requirements for recording failure information of failed components at each stage of product development.

Then, according to the conclusion of failure analysis, the causes of failure are reset to zero. If it is a design defect, find out the problem with the manufacturer and make improvement; In case of operation error, the operation specification must be strictly followed to avoid introducing human error. So as to achieve the purpose of failure analysis, so that device manufacturing and production operations to a higher level.

9. Management of component quality information

In the five quality assurance links of component selection, procurement, supervision and acceptance, screening and re inspection, and failure analysis, there is a large amount of component quality information.

For example, the specification, model, manufacturer, quality level and use of components out of the catalog in aerospace products; Domestic manufacturers of new devices and the use of new devices; Quality assurance of imported devices; Component failure analysis report and handling, etc.

Such information is a great wealth for the units engaged in aerospace product research. An aerospace product component information database should be established to accumulate valuable experience and provide services for the subsequent development of aerospace products. To establish an information base for aerospace product components, it is necessary to define the corresponding department of the management information base, and specify the type, time and method of collecting, processing and keeping component information in the information base.

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